Supported phonemes and levels of stress

The tables below list the phonemes and levels of stress available for each language that supports the <phoneme> SSML tag. For more information on using the <phoneme> SSML tag, see the SSML reference (Beta) documentation.

English (United States), en-US

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme	X-SAMPA Phoneme	Example Word	IPA	X-SAMPA
p	p	popular	ˈpɑːpjəlɚ	"pA:pj@l@`
b	b	bubble	ˈbʌbəl	"bVb@l
t	t	tinker	ˈtɪŋkɚ	"tINk@`
d	d	dog	ˈdɑːg	"dA:g
k	k	crown	ˈkɹaʊn	"kr\aUn
ɡ	g	gravely	ˈgɹeɪˌvliː	"gr\eI%vli:
m	m	mapping	ˈmæpəŋ	"m{p@N
n	n	nine	ˈnaɪn	"naIn
ŋ	N	bank	ˈbæŋk	"b{Nk
f	f	frog	ˈfɹɑːg	"fr\A:g
v	v	valve	ˈvælv	"v{lv
s	s	massage	məˈsɑːʒ	m@"sA:Z
z	z	zoom	ˈzuːm	"zu:m
θ	T	thigh	ˈθaɪ	"TaI
ð	D	mother	ˈmʌðɚ	"mVD@`
ʃ	S	shopping	ˈʃɑːpəŋ	"SA:p@N
ʒ	Z	leisure	ˈliːʒɚ	"li:Z@
h	h	mahogany	məˈhɑːgəˌniː	m@"hA:g@%ni:
l	l	lately	ˈleɪtˌliː	"leIt%li:
ɹ	r\	roaring	ˈɹɔːɹəŋ	"r\O:r\@N
ʧ	tS	changed	ˈʧeɪnʤd	"tSeIndZd
ʤ	dZ	magenta	məˈʤɛntə	m@"dZEnt@
j	j	younger	ˈjʌŋgɚ	"jVNg@`
w	w	whirlwind	ˈwɚlˌwɪnd	"w@`l%wInd
æ	{	cat	ˈkæt	"k{t
ɑː	A:	cot	ˈkɑːt	"kA:t
ə	@	again	əˈgɛn	@"gEn
ɚ	@`	bird	ˈbɚd	"b@`d
ɛ	E	bed	ˈbɛd	"bEd
ɪ	I	kit	ˈkɪt	"kIt
iː	i:	unique	ˌjuːˈniːk	%ju:"ni:k
ɔː	O:	more	ˈmɔːɹ	"mO:r\
ʊ	U	could	ˈkʊd	"kUd
uː	u:	school	ˈskuːl	"sku:l
ʌ	V	pulse	ˈpʌls	"pVls
aɪ	aI	price	ˈpɹaɪs	"pr\aIs
aʊ	aU	flower	ˈflaʊɚ	"flaU@`
eɪ	eI	shade	ˈʃeɪd	"SeId
ɔɪ	OI	choice	ˈʧɔɪs	"tSOIs
oʊ	oU	boat	ˈboʊt	"boUt

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

English (United Kingdom), en-GB

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme	X-SAMPA Phoneme	Example Word	IPA	X-SAMPA
p	p	popular	ˈpɒpjələ	"pQpj@l@
b	b	bubble	ˈbʌbəl	"bVb@l
t	t	tinker	ˈtɪŋkə	"tINk@
d	d	Dundee	ˌdʌnˈdiː	%dVn"di:
k	k	crown	ˈkɹaʊn	"kr\aUn
ɡ	g	gravely	ˈgɹeɪˌvliː	"gr\eI%vli:
m	m	mapping	ˈmæpəŋ	"m{p@N
n	n	nine	ˈnaɪn	"naIn
ŋ	N	bank	ˈbæŋk	"b{Nk
f	f	frog	ˈfɹɒg	"fr\Qg
v	v	valve	ˈvælv	"v{lv
s	s	massage	məˈsɑːʒ	m@"sA:Z
z	z	zoom	ˈzuːm	"zu:m
θ	T	thigh	ˈθaɪ	"TaI
ð	D	mother	ˈmʌðə	"mVD@
ʃ	S	shopping	ˈʃɒpəŋ	"SQp@N
ʒ	Z	leisure	ˈlɛʒə	"lEZ@
h	h	mahogany	məˈhɒgəˌniː	m@"hQg@%ni:
l	l	lately	ˈleɪtˌliː	"leIt%li:
ɹ	r\	roaring	ˈɹɔːɹəŋ	"r\O:r\@N
ʧ	tS	changed	ˈʧeɪnʤd	"tSeIndZd
ʤ	dZ	magenta	məˈʤɛntə	m@"dZEnt@
j	j	younger	ˈjʌŋgə	"jVNg@
w	w	whirlwind	ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd	"w3:l%wInd
æ	{	cat	ˈkæt	"k{t
ɑː	A:	car	ˈkɑː	"kA:
ə	@	again	əˈgɛn	@"gEn
ɛ	E	bed	ˈbɛd	"bEd
ɪ	I	kit	ˈkɪt	"kIt
iː	i:	unique	ˌjuːˈniːk	%ju:"ni:k
ɒ	Q	yacht	ˈjɒt	"jQt
ɔː	O:	caught	ˈkɔːt	"kO:t
ʊ	U	could	ˈkʊd	"kUd
uː	u:	school	ˈskuːl	"sku:l
ʌ	V	pulse	ˈpʌls	"pVls
ɜː	3:	nurse	ˈnɜːs	"n3:s
aɪ	aI	price	ˈpɹaɪs	"pr\aIs
aʊ	aU	flower	ˈflaʊə	"flaU@
eɪ	eI	shade	ˈʃeɪd	"SeId
eə	e@	square	ˈskweə	"skwe@
iə	i@	near	ˈniə	"ni@
ɔɪ	OI	choice	ˈʧɔɪs	"tSOIs
əʊ	@U	boat	ˈbəʊt	"b@Ut
ʊə	U@	cure	ˈkjʊə	"kjU@

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

English (Australia), en-AU

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme	X-SAMPA Phoneme	Example Word	IPA	X-SAMPA
p	p	popular	ˈpɒpjələ	"pQpj@l@
b	b	bubble	ˈbɐbəl	"b6b@l
t	t	tinker	ˈtɪŋkə	"tINk@
d	d	dog	ˈdɒg	"dQg
k	k	crown	ˈkɹaʊn	"kr\aUn
ɡ	g	gravely	ˈgɹeɪˌvliː	"gr\eI%vli:
m	m	mapping	ˈmæpəŋ	"m{p@N
n	n	nine	ˈnaɪn	"naIn
ŋ	N	bank	ˈbæŋk	"b{Nk
f	f	frog	ˈfɹɒg	"fr\Qg
v	v	valve	ˈvælv	"v{lv
s	s	massage	ˈmæˌsɐːʒ	"m{\%s6:Z
z	z	zoom	ˈzuːm	"zu:m
θ	T	thigh	ˈθaɪ	"TaI
ð	D	mother	ˈmɐðə	"m6D@
ʃ	S	shopping	ˈʃɒpəŋ	"SQp@N
ʒ	Z	leisure	ˈlɛʒə	"lEZ@
h	h	mahogany	məˈhɒgəˌniː	m@"hQg@%ni:
l	l	lately	ˈleɪtˌliː	"leIt%li:
ɹ	r\	roaring	ˈɹɔːɹəŋ	"r\O:r\@N
ʧ	tS	changed	ˈʧeɪnʤd	"tSeIndZd
ʤ	dZ	magenta	məˈʤɛntə	m@"dZEnt@
j	j	younger	ˈjɐŋgə	"j6Ng@
w	w	whirlwind	ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd	"w3:l%wInd
æ	{	trap	ˈtɹæp	"tr\{p
æː	{:	bad	ˈbæːd	"b{:d
ɐ	6	strut	ˈstɹɐt	"str\6t
ɐː	6:	bath	ˈbɐːθ	"b6:T
ə	@	letter	ˈlɛtə	"lEt@
ɛ	E	dress	ˌdɹɛs	"dr\Es
ɪ	I	kit	ˈkɪt	"kIt
iː	i:	fleece	ˈfliːs	"fli:s
ɒ	Q	lot	ˈlɒt	"lQt
ɔː	O:	north	ˈnɔːθ	"nO:T
ʊ	U	foot	ˈfʊt	"fUt
uː	u:	goose	ˈguːs	"gu:s
ɜː	3:	nurse	ˈnɜːs	"n3:s
aɪ	aI	price	ˈpɹaɪs	"pr\aIs
aʊ	aU	flower	ˈflaʊə	"flaU@
eɪ	eI	shade	ˈʃeɪd	"SeId
eə	e@	square	ˈskweə	"skwe@
iə	i@	near	ˈniə	"ni@
ɔɪ	OI	choice	ˈʧɔɪs	"tSOIs
əʊ	@U	boat	ˈbəʊt	"b@Ut
ʊə	U@	cure	ˈkjʊə	"kjU@

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

English (India), en-IN

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme	X-SAMPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	prints	"pr\Int`s	ˈpɹɪnʈs
b	b	baron	"b{r\@n	ˈbæɹən
ʈ	t`	town	"t`aUn	ˈʈaʊn
ɖ	d`	done	"d`Vn	ˈɖʌn
k	k	crown	"kr\aUn	ˈkɹaʊn
g	g	gravely	"gr\eIv%li:	ˈgɹeɪˌvliː
gʰ	g_h	ghastly	"g_hAst`%li:	ˈgʰɑsʈˌliː
f	f	mafia	"mA%fi:@	ˈmɑˌfiːə
v	v	valve wealth	"v{lv "vElT	ˈvælv ˈvɛlθ
θ	T	thigh	"TaI	ˈθaɪ
ð	D	mother	"mVD@	ˈmʌðə
s	s	massage	m@"sAdZ	məˈsɑdʒ
z	z	zoom	"zu:m	ˈzuːm
l	l	lately	"leIt`%li:	ˈleɪʈˌliː
ɹ	r	roaring	"r\O:r\@N	ˈɹɔːɹəŋ
ʧ	tS	changed	"tSeIndZd`	ˈtʃeɪndʒɖ
ʤ	dZ	magenta	m@"dZEnt`@	məˈdʒɛnʈə
ʃ	S	shopping	"SQp@N	ˈʃɒpəŋ
ʒ	Z	leisure	"lEZ@	ˈlɛʒə
j	j	young	"jVN	ˈjʌŋ
n	n	never	"nEv@	ˈnɛvə
m	m	mapping	"m{p@N	ˈmæpəŋ
ŋ	N	ping	"pIN	ˈpɪŋ
h	h	honey	"hV%ni:	ˈhʌˌniː
æ	{	cat	"k{t`	ˈkɪʈ
ɑ	A	car	"kA	ˈkɑ
ɜ	3:	person	"p3:s@n	ˈpɜːsən
aɪ	aI	cry	"kr\aI	ˈkɹaɪ
aʊ	aU	how	"haU	ˈhaʊ
ə	@	again	@"gEn	əˈgɛn
ɛ	E	bed	"bEd`	ˈbɛɖ
eə	e@	fair	"fe@	ˈfeə
e	eI	place	"pleIs	ˈpleɪs
ɪ	I	kit	"kIt`	ˈkɪʈ
ɪə	I@	fear	"fI@	ˈfɪə
iː	i:	need	"ni:d`	ˈniːɖ
ɔɪ	OI	boy	"bOI	ˈbɔɪ
ɒ	Q	box	"bQks	ˈbɒks
oː	O:	low	"lO:	ˈlɔː
ʊ	U	good	"gUd`	ˈgʊɖ
ʌ	V	numb shut	"nVm "SVt`	ˈnʌm ˈʃʌʈ
uː	u:	who food	"hu: "fu:d`	ˈhuː ˈfuːɖ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

German (Germany), de-DE

Phonemes

X-SAMPA	IPA	Example	X-SAMPA Transcription	IPA Transcription
p	p	Palme	"palm@	ˈpalmə
b	b	Baum	"baUm	ˈbaʊm
t	t	Südost	%zyt"Ost	ˌzytˈɔst
d	d	Dorf	"dORf	ˈdɔʁf
k	k	Kakao	%ka"kaU	ˌkaˈkaʊ
g	g	Gast	"gast	ˈgast
m	m	Murmel	"mURm@l	ˈmʊʁməl
n	n	neun	"nOIn	ˈnɔɪn
N	ŋ	singen	"zIN@n	ˈzɪŋən
f	f	fünf	"fYnf	ˈfʏnf
v	v	Waage	"va:g@	ˈvaːgə
s	s	Masse	"mas@	ˈmasə
z	z	Sonne	"zOn@	ˈzɔnə
T	θ	think	"TINk	ˈθɪŋk
D	ð	although	%Ol"Do	ˌɔlˈðo
S	ʃ	Schule	"Sul@	ˈʃulə
dZ	ʤ	Dschungel	"dZUN@l	ˈʤʊŋəl
Z	ʒ	Garage	%ga"Ra:Z@	ˌgaˈʁaːʒə
h	h	Haus	"haUs	ˈhaʊs
l	l	Weltall	"vEl%tal	ˈvɛlˌtal
pf	pf	Pfeffer	"pfEf6	ˈpfɛfɐ
R	ʁ	Regentropfen	"Reg@n%tROpf@n	ˈʁegənˌtʁɔpfən
tS	ʧ	Tschüss	"tSYs	ˈʧʏs
ts	ʦ	Katze	"kats@	ˈkatsə
w	w	Watergate	"wOt6%gEjt	ˈwɔtɐˌgɛjt
j	j	jung	"jUN	ˈjʊŋ
x	x	Buch	"bux	ˈbux
C	ç	sprechen	"SpREC@n	ˈspʁɛçən
a	a	Kamm	"kam	ˈkam
a:	aː	kam	"ka:m	ˈkaːm
@	ə	Beute	"bOIt@	ˈbɔltə
6	ɐ	Kinder	"kInd6	ˈkɪndɐ
E	ɛ	Bett	"bEt	ˈbɛt
e	e	Mehl	"mel	ˈmel
I	ɪ	Mitte	"mIt@	ˈmɪtə
i:	iː	ihn	"i:n	ˈiːn
y	y	Bühne	"byn@	ˈbynə
Y	ʏ	Mütze	"mYts@	ˈmʏtsə
O	ɔ	noch	"nOx	ˈnɔx
o	o	oben	"ob@n	ˈobən
9	œ	möchte	"m9Ct@	ˈmœçtə
8	ɵ	schön	"S8n	ˈʃɵn
U	ʊ	Mutter	"mUt6	ˈmʊtɐ
u	u	Uhr	"uR	ˈuʁ
aI	aɪ	Eis	"aIs	ˈaɪs
aU	aʊ	Haus	"haUs	ˈhaʊs
OI	ɔɪ	Häuser	"hOIz6	ˈhɔlzɐ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

Spanish (Spain), es-ES

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	pelo	"pelo	ˈpelo
t	t	tela	"tela	ˈtela
k	k	casa	"kasa	ˈkasa
b	b	bobo	"bobo	ˈbobo
d	d	dedo	"dedo	ˈdedo
g	ɡ	gagá	ga"ga	gaˈga
f	f	foca	"foka	ˈfoka
T	θ	cielo	"Tjelo	ˈθjelo
s	s	soso	"soso	ˈsoso
j	j	yo	"jo	ˈjo
x	x	jota	"xota	ˈxota
tS	ʧ	churro	"tSuro	ˈtʃuro
l	l	lento	"lento	ˈlento
L	ʎ	lluvia	"Lubja	ˈʎubja
m	m	mano	"mano	ˈmano
n	n	mano	"mano	ˈmano
J	ɲ	ñoño	"JoJo	ˈɲoɲo
4	ɾ	pero dar	"pe4o "da4	ˈpeɾo ˈdaɾ
r	r	rata perro	"rata "pero	ˈrata ˈpero
a	a	cala	"kala	ˈkala
e	e	tele	"tele	ˈtele
i	i	pirueta	pi4"weta	piɾˈweta
o	o	cordura	ko4"du4a	koɾˈduɾa
u	u	documentar	dokumen"ta4	dokumenˈtaɾ
ai	ai	jamaicanos	xamai"kanos	xamaiˈkanos
au	au	restaurante	restau"4ante	restauˈɾante
ei	ei	aceituna	aTei"tuna	aθeiˈtuna
eu	eu	euro	"eu4o	ˈeuɾo
oi	oi	hoy	"oi	ˈoi
ou	ou	roupeiro	rou"pei4o	rouˈpeiɾo

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Spanish (United States), es-US

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	pelo	"pelo	ˈpelo
t	t	tela	"tela	ˈtela
k	k	casa	"kasa	ˈkasa
b	b	bobo	"bobo	ˈbobo
d	d	dedo	"dedo	ˈdedo
g	g	gagá	ga"ga	gaˈga
f	f	foca	"foka	ˈfoka
v	v	voice	"vois	ˈvois
s	s	soso cielo	"soso "sjelo	ˈsoso ˈsjelo
z	z	president zoo	"pr\ezid@nt	ˈpɹezidənt
S	ʃ	shopping	"SopiN	ˈʃopiŋ
T	θ	thorn	"Tor\n	ˈθoɹn
D	ð	father	"faD@r\	ˈfaðəɹ
x	x	jota	"xota	ˈxota
dZ	dʒ	jennifer	"dZenif@r\	ˈdʒenifəɹ
tS	ʧ	churro	"tSuro	ˈtʃuro
l	l	lento	"lento	ˈlento
m	m	mano	"mano	ˈmano
n	n	mano	"mano	ˈmano
J	ɲ	ñoño	"JoJo	ˈɲoɲo
N	ŋ	song	"soN	ˈsoŋ
4	ɾ	pero dar	"pe4o "da4	ˈpeɾo ˈdaɾ
r	r	rata perro	"rata "pero	ˈrata ˈpero
r\	ɹ	car	"kar\	ˈkaɹ
j	j	yo	"jo	ˈjo
w	w	water	"wot@r\	ˈwotəɹ
@	ə	google	"gug@l	ˈgugəl
a	a	cala	"kala	ˈkala
e	e	tele	"tele	ˈtele
i	i	pirueta	pi4"weta	piɾˈweta
o	o	cordura	ko4"du4a	koɾˈduɾa
u	u	documentar	dokumen"ta4	dokumenˈtaɾ
ai	ai	hay	xamai"kanos	xamaiˈkanos
au	au	pausa	restau"4ante	restauˈɾante
ei	ei	aceituna	asei"tuna	aseiˈtuna
eu	eu	euro	"eu4o	ˈeuɾo
oi	oi	hoy	"oi	ˈoi
ou	ou	roupeiro	rou"pei4o	rouˈpeiɾo

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Filipino (Philippines), fil-PH

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	pito	"pitU	ˈpitʊ
b	b	buto	"bUtU	ˈbʊtʊ
t	t	tiyan	ti"jan	tiˈjan
d	d	adya	?ad"ja?	ʔadˈjaʔ
k	k	kapit	"kapit	ˈkapit
g	g	gata	ga"ta?	gaˈtaʔ
?	ʔ	ilaw	"?ilau	ˈʔilau
m	m	mata	ma"ta	maˈta
n	n	niya	ni"ja	niˈja
J	ɲ	kolonya	ko"loJa	koˈloɲa
N	ŋ	ngipin	"Nipin	ˈŋipin
s	s	siyam	si"jam	siˈjam
S	ʃ	konsensya	kon"sEnSa	konˈsɛnʃa
h	h	haba	"haba?	ˈhabaʔ
tS	ʧ	tsaka	tSa"ka	tʃaˈka
dZ	dʒ	Diego	"dZEgo	ˈdʒɛgo
4	r	rurok	"4U4Uk	ˈɾʊɾʊk
l	l	lamay	"lamai	ˈlamai
j	j	yanig	"janig	ˈjanig
w	w	wala	wa"la?	waˈlaʔ
a	a	aso	"?asU	ˈʔasʊ
E	e	ewan	"?Ewan	ˈʔɛwan
i	i	iwan	"?iwan	ˈʔiwan
o	o	oyayi	?o"jaji	ʔoˈjaji
U	u	upuan	?UpU"?an	ʔʊpʊˈʔan
ai	ai	bahay	"bahai	ˈbahai
ui	ui	abuloy	?a"bUlui	ʔaˈbʊlui
au	au	galaw	ga"lau	gaˈlau
iu	iu	baliw	ba"liu	baˈliu

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

French (France), fr-FR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
b	b	beau	bo	bo
d	d	dodu	dody	dody
f	f	fil	fil	fil
g	g	gâteau	gato	gato
?	ʔ	haricot	?aRiko	ʔaʁiko
k	k	cassé	kase	kase
l	l	loi	lwa	lwa
m	m	mou	mu	mu
n	n	nounou	nunu	nunu
p	p	poli	poli	poli
R	ʁ	carré	kaRe	kaʁe
S	ʃ	chat	Sa	ʃa
s	s	savon	savO~	savɔ̃
t	t	tri	tRi	tʁi
v	v	vallée	vale	vale
Z	ʒ	jouet	ZuE	ʒuɛ
z	z	prison	pRizO~	pʁizɔ̃
a	a	salé	sale	sale
E	ɛ	cher	SER	ʃɛʁ
e	e	parlé	paRle	paʁle
i	i	midi	midi	midi
O	ɔ	sort	sOR	sɔʁ
o	o	bateau	bato	bato
u	u	nougat	nuga	nuga
y	y	bu	by	by
2	ø	peu	p2	pø
9	œ	neuf	n9f	nœf
@	ə	apprenez jeûnaient	apR@ne Z@nEt	apʁəne ʒənɛt
A~	ɑ̃	gant	gA~	gɑ̃
E~	ɛ̃	main	mE~	mɛ̃
O~	ɔ̃	savon	savO~	savɔ̃

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary	.	.

French (Canada), fr-CA

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example	X-SAMPA	IPA
b	b	bas	bA	bɑ
d	d	aida	i:dA	iːdɑ
f	f	alpha	alfA	alfɑ
g	g	gars	gA	gɑ
?	ʔ	hâte	?At@	ʔɑtə
H	ɥ	lui	lHi	lɥi
j	j	oeil	9j	œj
k	k	cas	kA	kɑ
l	l	là	lA	lɑ
m	m	mat	mA	mɑ
n	n	nounou	nunu	nunu
p	p	pas	pA	pɑ
R	ʁ	carré	kARe	kɑʁe
s	s	plaça	plasA	plasɑ
S	ʃ	chat	SA	ʃɑ
t	t	tas	tA	tas
v	v	va	vA	vɑ
w	w	Louis	lwi	lwi
z	z	plaza	plazA	plazɑ
Z	ʒ	jardin	ZaRdE~	ʒaʁdɛ̃
h	h	Whitehorse	?wajthOrs	ʔwajthɔrs
5	ɫ	Devils	dEv95z	dɛvœɫz
r	r	Rogers	rOdZ9rz	rɔdʒœrz
a	a	patte	pat@	patə
a:	aː	Danny	da:ni	daːni
A	ɑ	pâte	pAt@	pɑtə
A~	ɑ̃	gant	gA~	gɑ̃
E	ɛ	faite	fEt@	fɛtə
E:	ɛː	fête	fE:t@	fɛːtə
e	e	parlé	paRle	paʁle
E~	ɛ̃	main	mE~	mɛ̃
i	i	midi	midi	midi
O	ɔ	sort	sOR	sɔʁ
O~	ɔ̃	savon	savO~	savɔ̃
o	o	bateau	bato	bato
u	u	nougat	nugA	nugɑ
y	y	bu	by	by
2	ø	peu	p2	pø
9	œ	neuf	n9f	nœf
@	ə	acheter	aS@te	aʃəte
i:	iː	bean	bi:n	biːn
I	ɪ	Dylan	dIl9n	dɪlœn
O:	ɔː	hockey	?O:ke	ʔɔːke
u:	uː	cool	ku:l	kuːl

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary	.	.

Hindi (India), hi-IN

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	पंजाब	p@n"dZa:b	pənˈdʒaːb
b	b	बादल	"ba:d_d@l	ˈbaːd̪əl
b_h	bʰ	भारत	"b_ha:r@t_d	ˈbʰaːrət̪
t_d	t̪	तबला	"t_d@bla:	ˈt̪əblaː
t_d_h	t̪ʰ	थाली	"t_d_ha:lI:	ˈt̪ʰaːlɪː
t`	ʈ	टमाटर	t`@"ma:t`@r	ʈəˈmaːʈər
t`_h	ʈʰ	अठारह	@"t`_ha:r@h	əˈʈʰaːrəh
d_d	d̪	दाल	"d_da:l	ˈd̪aːl
d_d_h	d̪ʰ	धूम	"d_d_hu:m	ˈd̪ʰuːm
d`	ɖ	डमरू	"d`@mru:	ˈɖəmruː
d`_h	ɖʰ	ढोलक	"d`_ho:l@k	ˈɖʰoːlək
k	k	किताब	kI"t_da:b	kɪˈt̪aːb
k_h	kʰ	खान	"k_ha:n	ˈkʰaːn
g	g	गाय	"ga:e:	ˈgaːeː
g_h	gʰ	घर	"g_h@r	ˈgʰər
f	f	फल	"f@l	ˈfəl
v\	ʋ	व्रत	"v\r@t_d	ˈʋrət̪
s	s	किस्मत	"kIsm@t_d	ˈkɪsmət̪
z	z	ज़हर	"zE:hE:r	ˈzɛːhɛːr
l	l	लड़कियां	"l@r`kIja:~	ˈləɽkɪjãː
r	ɹ	रोक	"ro:k	ˈroːk
r`	ɽ	कूड़ा	"ku:r`a:	ˈkuːɽaː
tS	ʧ	चाय	"tSa:e:	ˈʧaːeː
tS_h	ʧʰ	छांव	"tS_ha:~o:	ˈʧʰãːoː
dZ	ʤ	जंगल	"dZ@ng@l	ˈdʒəngəl
dZ_h	ʤʰ	मुझ	"mUdZ_h	ˈmʊdʒʰ
S	ʃ	ख़ुश भाषा	"k_hUS "b_ha:Sa:	ˈkʰʊʃ ˈbʰaːʃaː
j	j	योग	"jo:g	ˈjoːg
n	n	नमक	"n@m@k	ˈnəmək
m	m	मंत्र	"m@nt_dr@	ˈmənt̪rə
n`	ɳ	नारायण	na:"ra:j@n`	naːˈraːjəɳ
N	ŋ	लंका	"l@nka:	ˈlənkaː
h	h	होना	"ho:na:	ˈhoːnaː
a:	a:	बात	"ba:t_d	ˈbaːt̪
a:~	ãː	लड़कियां	"l@r`kIja:~	ˈləɽkɪjãː
@	ə	अलग	"@l@g	ˈələg
@~	ə̃	हंसना	"h@~sna:	ˈhə̃snaː
E:	ɛ	फैलाव	"fE:la:v\	ˈfɛːlaːʋ
e:	e	केला	"ke:la:	ˈkeːlaː
e:~	ẽː	किताबें	kI"t_da:be:~	kɪˈt̪aːbẽː
E:~	ɛ̃ː	मैं	"mE:~	ˈmɛ̃ː
I	ɪ	इच्छा	"ItStS_ha:	ˈɪtʃtʃʰaː
I:	iː	खीर	"k_hI:r	ˈkʰɪːr
I:~	ĩː	नहीं	"n@hI:~	ˈnəhɪ̃ː
I~	ɪ̃	सिंचाई	sI~"tSa:I:	sɪ̃ˈtʃaːɪː
O:	ɔː	औरत	"O:r@t_d	ˈɔːrət̪
O:~	ɔ̃ː	भौं	"b_hO:~	ˈbʰɔ̃ː
o:	oː	ओखली	"o:k_hlI:	ˈoːkʰlɪː
o:~	õː	क्यों	"kjo:~	ˈkjõː
U	ʊ	पुत्र	"pUt_dr	ˈpʊt̪r
U~	ʊ̃	मुंह	"mU~h	ˈmʊ̃h
u:	uː	कबूतर	k@"b u:t_d@r	kəˈbuːt̪ər
u:~	ũː	ऊंट	"u:~t`	ˈũːʈ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Indonesian (Indonesia), id-ID

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	pagi	pagi	pagi
t	t	takut	takut	takut
k	k	kera	k@ra	kəra
b	b	buku	buku	buku
d	d	desa	desa	desa
g	g	gigi	gigi	gigi
?	ʔ	bapak	bapa?	bapaʔ
f	f	sifat relevan	sifat relefan	sifat relefan
s	s	sapi	sapi	sapi
S	ʃ	syarat	Sarat	ʃarat
x	x	khusus	xusus	xusus
h	h	pohon	pohon	pohon
l	l	luas	luas	luas
j	j	bayi	baji	baji
r	r	kasir	kasir	kasir
w	w	warna	warna	warna
m	m	muka	muka	muka
n	n	lilin	lilin	lilin
J		nyamuk	Jamuk	ɲamuk
N	ŋ	ngengat	NeNat	ŋeŋat
tS	tʃ	cari	tSari	tʃari
dZ	dʒ	jari	dZari	dʒari
a	a	tali	tali	tali
@	ə	membeli	m@mb@li	məmbəli
e	e	kecap	ketSap	ketʃap
i	i	singa	siNa	siŋa
o	o	bola	bola	bola
u	u	susu	susu	susu
aI	aɪ	pantai	pantal	pantaɪ
aU	aʊ	kacau	katSaU	katʃaʊ
OI	ɔɪ	letoi	letOI	letɔɪ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary	.	.

Italian (Italy), it-IT

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	pane	"pane	ˈpane
p:	pː	appena	a"p:ena	aˈpːena
b	b	bocca	"bok:a	ˈbokːa
b:	bː	abbacchio	a"b:ak:jo	aˈbːakːjo
t	t	tedio	"tEdjo	ˈtɛdjo
t:	tː	attento	a"t:Ento	aˈtːɛnto
d	d	dato	"dato	ˈdato
d:	dː	addio	a"d:io	aˈdːio
k	k	colonna	ko"lon:a	koˈlonːa
k:	kː	accolto	a"k:Olto	aˈkːɔlto
g	ɡ	gatto	"gat:o	ˈgatːo
g:	gː	agguato	a"g:wato	aˈɡːwato
f	f	fulgido	"fuldZido	ˈfulʤido
f:	fː	affusolato	af:uzo"lato	afːuzoˈlato
v	v	vaso	"vazo	ˈvazo
v:	vː	avviare	av:i"are	avːiˈare
s	s	sete	"sete	ˈsete
s:	sː	assetato	as:e"tato	asːeˈtato
z	z	fuso	"fuzo	ˈfuzo
S	ʃ	sciopero	"SOpero	ˈʃɔpero
S:	ʃː	fascia	"faS:a	ˈfaʃːa
Z	ʒ	garage	ga"raZ	gaˈraʒ
ts	ts	tsunami	tsu"nami	tsuˈnami
ts:	tsː	stazione	sta"ts:jone	staˈtsːjone
dz	dz	zero	"dzEro	ˈdzɛro
dz:	dzː	azzerare	adz:e"rare	adzːeˈrare
tS	tʃ	cima	"tSima	ˈtʃima
tS:	tSː	faccia	"fatS:a	ˈfatʃːa
dZ	dʒ	giro	"dZiro	ˈdʒiro
dZ:	dʒː	aggirare	adZ:i"rare	adʒːiˈrare
m	m	mano	"mano	ˈmano
m:	mː	ammanicato	am:ani"kato	amːaniˈkato
n	n	noia	"nOja	ˈnɔja
n:	nː	annoiare	an:o"jare	anːoˈjare
J	ɲ	gnomo	"JOmo	ˈɲɔmo
J:	ɲː	agnello	a"J:El:o	aˈɲːɛlːo
r	r	ruolo	"rwOlo	ˈrwɔlo
r:	rː	arruolare	ar:wo"lare	arːwoˈlare
l	l	ladro	"ladro	ˈladro
l:	lː	allarme	a"l:arme	aˈlːarme
L	ʎ	gli	"Li	ˈʎi
L:	ʎː	aglio	"aL:o	ˈaʎːo
h	h	Juan	hu"an	huˈan
T	θ	math	"maT	ˈmaθ
j	j	Juventus vorrei	ju"vEntus vo"r:Ej	juˈvɛntus voˈrːɛj
w	w	ruolo causa	"rwOlo "kawza	ˈrwɔlo ˈkawza
3:	ɜː	Pasteur	pa"st3:r	paˈstɜːr
a	a	amore	a"more	aˈmore
e	e	esilio	e"ziljo	eˈziljo
o	o	osare	o"zare	oˈzare
E	ɛ	pelle	"pEl:e	ˈpɛlːe
i	i	ignaro	i"J:aro	iˈɲːaro
O	ɔ	polo	"pOlo	ˈpɔlo
u	u	muro	"muro	ˈmuro

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Dutch (Netherlands), nl-NL

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
Z	ʒ	gelei	Z@"lEI	ʒəˈlɛɪ
b	b	boer	"bu4	ˈbuɾ
x	x	mechanisme chemie	me:xA:"nIsm@ xe:"mi	meːxɑːˈnɪsmə xeːˈmi
d	d	dag	"dAx	ˈdɑx
f	f	faam	"fA:m	ˈfɑːm
g	g	goal	"go:l	ˈgoːl
h\	ɦ	hout	"h\Vut	ˈɦʌut
j	j	jaag	"jA:x	ˈjɑːx
k	k	kaak	"kA:k	ˈkɑːk
l	l	laag	"lA:x	ˈlɑːx
m	m	mag	"mAx	ˈmɑx
n	n	naad	"nA:t	ˈnɑːt
N	ŋ	eng	"EN	ˈɛŋ
p	p	praat	"p4A:t	ˈpɾɑːt
r	ɾ	roer	"4u4	ˈɾuɾ
s	s	samen	"sA:m@	ˈsɑːmə
S	ʃ	shock	"SOk	ˈʃɔk
t	t	tussen	"tYs@	ˈtʏsə
v	v	vaak	"vA:k	ˈvɑːk
v\	ʋ	waan	v\A:n	ˈʋɑːn
z	z	zee	"ze:	ˈzeː
@	ə	dagen	"dA:x@	ˈdɑːxə
A	ɑ	dag	"dAx	ˈdɑx
A:	ɑː	dagen	"dA:x@	ˈdɑːxə
E	ɛ	eb	"Ep	ˈɛp
e:	eː	één	"e:n	ˈeːn
2:	øː	beu	"b2:	ˈbøː
E:	ɛː	fair serre	"fE:r\ "sE:4@	ˈfɛːɹˈ sɛːɾə
I	ɪ	ik	"Ik	ˈɪk
i	i	iel	"il	ˈil
EI	ɛɪ	ijdel	"EId@l	ˈɛɪdəl
O	ɔ	of	"Of	ˈɔf
O:	ɔː	naadloos	"nA:tlO:s	ˈnɑːtlɔːs
u	u	koek	"kuk	ˈkuk
Vu	ʌu	hout rauw	"h\Vut "4Vu	ˈɦʌut ˈɾʌu
o:	oː	controle	kOn"t4o:l@	kɔnˈtɾoːlə
Y	ʏ	urn	"Y4n	ˈʏɾn
y	y	uur	"y4	ˈyɾ
9Y	œʏ	ui	"9Y	œʏ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Turkish (Turkey), tr-TR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
m	m	masa	ma"sa	maˈsa
p	p	para	pa"4a	paˈɾa
b	b	balık	ba"lMk	baˈlɯk
f	f	füze	"fyze	ˈfyze
v	v	vazo	"vazo	ˈvazo
h	h	halı	ha"lM	haˈlɯ
d	d	deniz	de"niz	deˈniz
t	t	takım	ta"kMm	taˈkɯn
s	s	sokak	so"kak	soˈkak
z	z	zarf	"za4f	ˈzaɾf
k	k	kuş	"kuS	ˈkuʃ
c	c	kâr	"ca4	ˈcaɾ
g	g	gaz	"gaz	ˈgaz
J\	ɟ	rüzgâr	4yz"J\a4	ɾyɾzˈɟaɾ
l	l	salı	sa"lM	saˈlɯ
L	ʎ	alkol	aL"koL	aʎˈkoʎ
4	ɾ	resim	4e"sim	ɾeˈsim
tS	tʃ	çilek	tSi"Lec	tʃiˈʎec
dZ	dʒ	cam	"dZam	ˈdʒam
Z	ʒ	jilet	Zi"Let	ʒiˈʎet
n	n	niyet	ni"jet	niˈjet
j	j	yatak	ja"tak	jaˈtak
S	ʃ	şeker	Se"ce4	ʃeˈceɾ
a	a	araba	a4a"ba	aɾaˈba
a:	aː	âdet	"a:det	ˈaːdet
e	e	etek	e"tek	eˈtek
e:	eː	eğri	e:"4i	eːˈɾi
i	i	imza	im"za:	imˈzaː
i:	iː	asli	as"Li:	asˈʎiː
M	ɯ	ışık	M"SMk	ɯˈʃɯk
M:	ɯː	ığdır	"M:dM4	ˈɯːdɯɾ
u	u	umut	u"mut	uˈmut
u:	uː	şuur	"Su:4	ˈʃuːɾ
y	y	ütü	y"ty	yˈty
y:	yː	düğme	dy:"me	dyːˈme
o	o	omuz	o"muz	oˈmuz
o:	oː	doğru	do:"4u	doːˈɾu
2	ø	örtü	24"ty	øɾˈty
2:	øː	öğün	2:"yn	øːˈyn

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Polish (Poland), pl-PL

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	popiół	"pO%pjuw	ˈpɔˌpjuw
b	b	kupże	"kub%z`E	ˈkubˌʐɛ
t_d	t̪	bródka	"bru%t_dka	ˈbruˌt̪ka
d_d	d̪	dudek	"d_du%d_dEk	ˈd̪uˌd̪ɛk
k	k	kurka	"kur%ka	ˈkurˌka
g	g	także	"t_da%gz`E	ˈt̪aˌgʐɛ
f	f	wsunąć	"fs_du%n_dO~ts\	ˈfs̪uˌn̪ɔ̃tɕ
v	v	główny	"gwu%vn_d1	ˈgwuˌvn̪ɨ
s_d	s̪	wóz	"vus_d	ˈvus̪
z_d	z̪	rozbić	"rOt%z_dbits\	ˈrɔtˌz̪bitɕ
s`	ʂ	szyszka	"s`1%s`a	ˈʂɨˌʂa
z`	ʐ	rzecz	"z`Ets`	ˈʐɛtʂ
s\	ɕ	śmiech	"s\mjEx	ˈɕmjɛx
z\	ʑ	źrebię	"z\rE%bjE~	ˈʑrɛˌbjɛ̃
x	x	hak	"xak	ˈxak
ts_d	t̪s̪	rydz	"r1ts_d	ˈrɨt̪s̪
dz_d	d̪z̪	dzwon	"dz_dvOn_d	ˈd̪z̪vɔn̪
ts`	tʂ	czacza	"ts`a%ts`a	ˈtʂaˌtʂa
dz`	dʐ	dżdżu	"dz`dz`u	ˈdʑdʑu
ts\	tɕ	ciocia	"ts\O%ts\a	ˈtɕɔˌtɕa
dz\	dʑ	dźwięk	"dz\vjE~k	ˈdʑvjɛ̃k
m	m	mama	"ma%ma	ˈmaˌma
n_d	n̪	noga	"n_dO%ga	ˈn̪ɔˌga
J	ɲ	nieść	"JEs\ts\	ˈɲɛɕtɕ
l	l	lalka	"lal%ka	ˈlalˌka
r	r	radar	"ra%d_dar	ˈraˌd̪ar
j	j	jajo	"ja%jO	ˈjaˌjɔ
w	w	łapa	"wa%pa	ˈwaˌpa
a	a	lalka	"lal%ka	ˈlalˌka
E	ɛ	niewielkie	JE%"vjElkjE	ˈɲɛˌvjɛlkjɛ
i	i	kit	"kit_d	ˈkit̪
O	ɔ	lot	"lOt_d	ˈlɔt̪
u	u	buk	"buk	ˈbuk
1	ɨ	krzyk	"ks`1k	ˈkɕɨk
E~	ɛ̃	pędzę	"pE~%dz_dE~	ˈpɛ̃ˌd̪z̪ɛ̃
O~	ɔ̃	siąść	"s\O~s\ts\	ˈɕɔ̃ɕtɕ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Secondary stress	ˌ	%
Syllable boundary	.	.

Russian (Russia), ru-RU

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example word	X-SAMPA	IPA
b	b	бар	"bar	ˈbar
b_j	bʲ	бинт	"b_jint	ˈbʲint
p	p	пар	"par	ˈpar
p_j	pʲ	пить	"p_jit_j	ˈpʲitʲ
d	d	дар	"dar	ˈdar
d_j	dʲ	дядя	"d_jad_ja	ˈdʲadʲa
t	t	тур	"tur	ˈtur
t_j	tʲ	тяга	"t_jaga	ˈtʲaga
g	g	гора	ga"ra	gaˈra
g_j	gʲ	гиря	"g_jir_ja	ˈgʲirʲa
k	k	кора	ka"ra	kaˈra
k_j	kʲ	кит	"k_jit	ˈkʲit
v	v	вор	"vor	ˈvor
v_j	vʲ	вера	"v_jera	ˈvʲera
f	f	фора	"fora	ˈfora
f_j	fʲ	финал	f_ji"nal	fʲiˈnal
z	z	зорь	"zor_j	ˈzorʲ
z_j	zʲ	зима	z_ji"ma	zʲiˈma
s	s	сор	"sor	ˈsor
s_j	sʲ	синий	"s_jin_jij	ˈsʲinʲij
Z	ʒ	жор	"Zor	ˈʒor
S	ʃ	шар	"Sar	ˈʃar
x	x	хор	"xor	ˈxor
x_j	xʲ	химик	"x_jim_jik	ˈxʲimʲik
S_j	ʃʲ	щель	"S_jel_j	ˈʃʲelʲ
n	n	ноль	"nol_j	ˈnolʲ
n_j	nʲ	няня	"n_jan_ja	ˈnʲanʲa
m	m	моль	"mol_j	ˈmolʲ
m_j	mʲ	мел	"m_jel	ˈmʲel
l	l	лом	"lom	ˈlom
l_j	lʲ	липа	"l_jipa	ˈlʲipa
r	r	ром	"rom	ˈrom
r_j	rʲ	ряса	"r_jasa	ˈrʲasa
j	j	йод	"jot	ˈjot
a	a	мак	"mak	ˈmak
e	e	тег	"tek	ˈtek
i	i	тик	"tik	ˈtik
o	o	ток	"tok	ˈtok
u	u	лук	"luk	ˈluk
1	ɨ	мышь	"m1S	ˈmɨʃ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Primary stress	ˈ	"
Syllable boundary	.	.

Korean (South Korea), ko-KR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme	IPA Phoneme	Example Word	X-SAMPA	IPA
p	p	불	pul	pul
p_h	pʰ	풀	p_hul	pʰul
p*	p͈	뿔	p*ul	p͈ul
t	t	달	tal	tal
t_h	tʰ	탈	t_hal	tʰal
t*	t͈	딸	t*al	t͈al
k	k	가다	kata	kata
k_h	kʰ	칼	k_hal	kʰal
k*	k͈	까다	k*ata	k͈ata
s_h	sʰ	살	s_hal	sʰal
s*	s͈	쌀	s*al	s͈al
h	h	하다	hata	hata
ts\	tɕ	자다	ts\ata	tɕata
ts\_h	tɕʰ	차다	ts\_hata	tɕʰata
ts\*	t͈ɕ	짜다	ts\*ata	t͈ɕata
m	m	물	mul	mul
n	n	날	nal	nal
N	ŋ	방	paN	paŋ
4	ɾ	바람	pa4am	paɾam
l	l	스쿨	s_hMk_hul	sʰɯkʰul
w	w	문화	munhwa	munhwa
j	j	양명	jaNmjVN	jaŋmjʌŋ
i	i	시장	s_hits\aN	sʰitɕaŋ
a	a	말	mal	mal
e	e	베개	pekE	pekɛ
M	ɯ	음악	Mmak	ɯmak
V	ʌ	어머니	VmVni	ʌmʌni
u	u	우리	u4i	uɾi
o	o	오리	o4i	oɾi
2	ø	교회	kjoh2	kjohø
E	ɛ	태양	t_hEjaN	tʰɛjaŋ

Levels of stress

Symbol	IPA	X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary	.	.

Chinese, Mandarin (Simplified, China), cmn-Hans-CN

Note: When you use cmn-Hans-CN phonemes, the alphabet field must be set to pinyin. For example: <phoneme alphabet="pinyin" ph="chao2 yang2">朝阳</phoneme>.

Phonemes

Pinyin	Example	Transcription
b	北	bei3
p	盘	pan2
d	对	dui4
t	谈	tan2
g	给	gei3
k	看	kan4
f	放	fang4
s	三	san1
sh	手	shou3
h	花	hua1
l	累	lei4
r	入	ru4
m	马	ma3
n	那	na4
ng	定	ding4
z	在	zai4
c	菜	cai4
zh	只	zhi3
ch	吃	chi1
j	讲	jiang3
q	强	qiang2
x	西	xi1
w	哇	wa1
y	眼	yan3
yi/i	意,第	yi4, di4
wu/u	五,露	wu3, lu4
yu/ü/u	鱼, 绿, 序	yu2, lü4, xu4
a	打	da3
ye/ie	夜,杰	ye4, jie2
er	二	er4
e	饿	e4
o	龙	long2
wo/uo/o	我,作,脖	wo3, zuo1, bo2
ai	带	dai4
ei	飞	fei1
ao	猫	mao1
ou	有	you3
ya/ia	牙,强	ya2, qiang2
you/iu	油,六	you2, liu4
wa/ua	挖,花	wa1, hua1
yue/üe/ue	月,略,学	yue4, lüe4, xue2
wei/ui	為, 对	wei4, dui4
yao/iao	药,料	yao4, liao4
wai/uai	外,帅	wai4, shuai4
yua/ua	远,捐	yuan4, juan1

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each, for example: wo3 de5 for 我 的.

Tone	Description
1	High tone
2	Mid Rising tone
3	Low Dipping tone
4	High Falling tone
0	Neutral tone

Chinese, Mandarin (Traditional, Taiwan), cmn-Hant-TW

Note: When you use cmn-Hant-TW phonemes, the alphabet field must be set to pinyin. For example: <phoneme alphabet="pinyin" ph="chao2 yang2">朝阳</phoneme>.

Phonemes

Pinyin	Example	Transcription
b	北	bei3
p	盤	pan2
d	對	dui4
t	炭	tan4
g	給	gei3
k	看	kan4
f	放	fang4
s	三	san1
sh	瘦	shou4
h	華	hua2
l	樂	le4
r	入	ru4
m	媽	ma1
n	那	na4
ng	定	ding4
z	在	zai4
c	彩	cai3
zh	只	zhi3
ch	持	chi2
j	講	jiang3
y	月	yue4
q	槍	qiang1
x	西	xi1
w	哇	wa1
j	具	ju4
i	第	di4
u	魯	lu3
ü	縷	lü3
a	搭	da1
e	頁	ye4
er	二	er4
e	餓	e4
o	龍	long2
wo	我	wo3
ai	帶	dai4
ei	飛	fei1
ao	奧	ao4
ou	歐	ou4

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each. For example wo3 de5 for 我 的.

Tone	Description
1	High tone
2	Mid Rising tone
3	Low Dipping tone
4	High Falling tone
0	Neutral tone

Chinese, Cantonese (Traditional, Hong Kong), yue-Hant-HK

Note: When you use cmn-Hant-TW phonemes, the alphabet field must be set to jyutping. For example: <phoneme alphabet="jyutping" ph="sik6 faan6">食饭</phoneme>.

Phonemes

Jyutping	Example	Transcription
p	怕	paa3
b	巴	baa1
t	他	taa1
d	打	daa2
k	卡	kaa1
g	家	gaa1
f	花	faa1
s	沙	saa1
h	蝦	haa1
m	媽	maa1
n	那	naa5
ng	牙	ngaa4
c	叉	caa1
z	渣	zaa1
l	啦	laa1
kw	誇	kwaa1
gw	瓜	gwaa1
w	汚	wu1
j	廿	jaa6
ng	伍	ng5
m	唔	m4
a	新	san1
o	疏	so1
e	些	se1
i	詩	si1
u	夫	fu1
yu	書	syu1
aa	沙	saa1
oe	鋸	goe3

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Jyutping. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables, use a whitespace between each. For example: gong2 waa6 for 講話

Tone	Description
1	Top tone
2	High Rising tone
3	Mid tone
4	Low Falling tone
5	Low Rising tone
6	Low tone